Cisco思科私有EIGRP路由协议配置

摘要： EIGRP是增强型内部网关路由协议，是一个动态路由协议，为了弥补RIP动态路由协议缺陷而出现的，属于Cisco私有协议。

EIGRP是增强型内部网关路由协议，是一个动态路由协议，为了弥补RIP动态路由协议缺陷而出现的，属于Cisco私有协议。

RIP缺陷：

跳数作为Metric不能准确衡量一个路径质量的好坏；
RIP最大只能支持15跳，后面不可达，不适合大型网络；
RIP是30s更新一次，180s不更新就down，收敛时间较慢，不适合大型网络；
RIP对整张路由表进行更新，大型网络中路由条目较多，会占用带宽资源。

EIGRP路由协议配置

EIGRP特性：

动态路由协议；
高级距离矢量/混合矢量路由协议；
属于内部网关协议（IGP）；
无类路由协议。

下面就来配置一个拓扑来学习一下EIGRP协议。

EIGRP协议拓扑

一、路由IP配置

1.R1配置：

R1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#interface f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:01:04.119: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:01:05.119: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#end
R1#
*Mar 1 00:01:06.919: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#write memory
Building configuration...
[OK]

2.R2配置：

R2#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#interface f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#end
R2#
*Mar 1 00:01:40.871: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2#
*Mar 1 00:01:41.519: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
*Mar 1 00:01:41.871: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2#write memory
Building configuration...
[OK]

R2#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#interface f0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#end
R2#
*Mar 1 00:02:41.411: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#
*Mar 1 00:02:41.491: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:02:42.491: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R2#write memory
Building configuration...
[OK]

3.R3配置：

R3#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#interface f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#end
R3#
*Mar 1 00:02:40.235: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R3#
*Mar 1 00:02:41.071: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
*Mar 1 00:02:41.235: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R3#write memory
Building configuration...
[OK]

二、EIGRP路由配置

EIGRP路由配置

如上图，想把10.1.2.0网段宣告给R1我们现在有三种方法：静态路由、RIP协议、EIGRP协议。下面就来配置一些EIGRP协议。

R1上配置EIGRP协议：

R1#configure ter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#router eigrp ?
<1-65535> Autonomous system number
R1(config)#router eigrp 1
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0

这时候来看看路由表，还没有R3网段的路由。

R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R2上配置EIGRP协议：

R2#configure ter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#router eigrp 1
R2(config-router)#network 10.1.0.0
R2(config-router)#
*Mar 1 01:07:08.831: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 1: Neighbor 10.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency

这里要注意router eigrp 1这里的自制系统号要和上面R1中一样，除此之外还多了一行*Mar 1 01:07:08.831: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 1: Neighbor 10.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency，表示一个连接关系的变化，这里会显示邻居改变的出接口和线程（自制系统号）以及其他信息，这也是和RIP协议不同的地方。

这时候回头再看看R1路由表：

R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
D       10.1.2.0 [90/30720] via 10.1.1.2, 00:03:44, FastEthernet0/0
C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

已经新增加了一条路由，通过show ip eigrp neighbors查看邻居信息。

R1#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 1
H       Address   Interface       Hold      Uptime       SRTT       RTO      Q       Seq
                                           (sec)                       (ms)                  Cnt     Num
0       10.1.1.2    Fa0/0             11       00:05:27       37         222      0       3

H：序号
Address：邻居IP
Interface：自己与邻居建立关系的出接口
Hold：发送邻居信息间隔（00-15s）
Uptime：建立邻居关系总时间
SRTT：一个完整请求和回复耗时
RTO：超时重传时间
Q：剩余数据包数量-队列（不为零表示网络有问题）
Seq：队列

以上就是一个完整EIGRP动态路由的配置过程，这时候我们再来看看ping的结果如何：

R1#ping 10.1.2.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/21/32 ms

如果想ping 10.1.2.2就要在R3上进行同样的EIGRP配置，并把网段宣告出去。